Buy Forward Flow Test Filter Integrity From Zetron

The reason is not hard to find: According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change



According to the International Patent Cooperation Council (IPCC), between 16% and 27% of human-caused climate change emissions are related to agriculture.



However, most of these emissions are not the familiar carbon dioxide that is the culprit for global warming.



It’s another gas entirely: nitrous oxide (N2O).



N2O is what we know as "laughing gas," said NYU nutrient pollution researcher and International Nitrogen Initiative



(International Nitrogen Initiative, a group focused on nitrogen pollution research and policy making



David Kanter, vice president of the International Monetary Fund, believes that it is not getting the attention it deserves. He said:



“This greenhouse gas is often forgotten.” However, on a molecular basis, N2O plays a significant role in warming the atmosphere.



It is approximately 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide.



Like carbon dioxide, it has a long lifespan, remaining in the air for an average of 114 years before breaking down.



It also depletes the ozone layer. In short, the impact of nitrous oxide on the climate cannot be underestimated. IPCC scientists estimate that



N2O accounts for about 6% of greenhouse gas emissions, and about three-quarters of these N2O emissions come from agriculture.



Despite its important contribution to climate change, policymakers have yet to directly address N2O emissions.



N2O is still accumulating. A 2020 review of N2O sources and sinks found that over the past 40 years, N2O



Emissions increased by 30%, nearly exceeding the IPCC's highest possible emissions scenario. The culprit is agricultural land.



soils – especially because of the massive global use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers.



Today, scientists are trying various methods of treating the soil or adjusting farming practices to reduce N2O production.



Mike, an agricultural ecologist and soil scientist at Iowa State University



“Anything that can improve fertilizer efficiency is going to be very important,” said Michael Castellano, an expert on fertilizer use.



It will be of great help.”



An imbalanced nitrogen cycle



The Earth’s nitrogen cycle has been thrown out of balance by human activity. Before the rise of modern agriculture, farms



Most of the nitrogen available to plants comes from compost, manure, and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, which absorb nitrogen gas (N2) and convert it into 



It is converted into ammonium, a soluble nutrient that can be absorbed by plant roots.



This changed with the advent of the Haber-Bosch Process.



This makes it possible to produce ammonia fertilizer in large quantities on an industrial scale.



The widespread use of synthetic fertilizers has increased crop yields and fed the world's population. But excess nitrates and ammonium have also



Ammonia fertilizer production accounts for about 1% of global energy use and carbon dioxide emissions.



1.4% (the process requires heating the nitrogen and subjecting it to pressures of up to 400 atmospheres, so it is very energy-intensive).



More importantly, fertilizers can lead to increased N2O emissions because farmers often apply fertilizers in large quantities several times a year.



Nitrogen fertilizer is applied but cannot be fully absorbed by crops.



If these fertilizers cannot be fully absorbed by plant roots, some of them will run off into fields and pollute waterways.



The rest is taken up by a range of soil microorganisms, which convert the ammonia into nitrite and then nitric acid.



Salt is then converted into nitrogen. During this process, several steps can produce N2O as a byproduct.



Excessive fertilizers can cause pollution, including the formation of N2O. Fertilizers can be composed of ammonium or nitrate groups.



When roots do not absorb all the nutrients, the remaining fertilizer undergoes a series of microbial-mediated transformations.



Most of the nitrogen is in the form of nitrogen gas (N2), and a small amount is in the form of N2O (a potent greenhouse gas).



Return to the atmosphere.



To reduce N2O emissions, one can carefully allocate fertilizers according to crop needs, or find ways to maintain yields and save fertilizer.



To this end, scientists are trying various methods. One current research strategy is to use precision



Agricultural technology that uses remote sensing to determine when and where to add nitrogen to fields, and how much to add.



Another approach is to use nitrification inhibitors - substances that inhibit the reaction by which microorganisms convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen.



Chemicals that block the production of N2O and keep nitrogen in the soil for plants to grow for a longer period of time



use.



According to the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA),



In 2018, researchers at the Institute of Systems Analysis estimated that by 2030, if these two technologies were widely adopted,



This approach would reduce N2O emissions by about 26% compared to current practices. But researchers say that to help



These are not enough to achieve the greenhouse gas targets set out in the Paris Climate Agreement.



Exploring other strategies.



One possible approach is to harness the potential of certain microorganisms to supply nitrogen directly to plants, as nitrogen-fixing bacteria do with soybeans.



"There is a real gold mine in the soil," said Isai Sa



Isai Salas-González, the 2020 editor of the Annals of Microbiology, said:



One of the authors of an article on plant microbiomes in the Journal of Microbiology and a recent



Just at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill



A computational biologist who completed his Ph.D.



Following this line of thought, since 2019, Pivot Bio has launched a product called Pivot Bio



Proven's microbial product is said to work by pouring the inoculant into the furrow where corn seeds are planted.



It forms a symbiotic relationship with the roots of crops. (For sorghum, wheat, barley and rice, the company also plans to



Microorganisms “feed” plants a little nitrogen each time in exchange for sugars exuded by the plants.



This will reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers, said Karsten Temme, CEO of Pivot Bio.



Said.



Taimi said the company's scientists discovered this by isolating a Kosakonia strain whose genome already had the ability to fix nitrogen.



sacchari strains to make the inoculant. Even though these genes were not originally active under field conditions,



But using gene editing, scientists were able to reactivate a set of 18 genes so that



Even in the presence of synthetic fertilizers, nitrogenase can be synthesized.



They start synthesizing this enzyme," Tammy said.



Steven Hall, a biogeochemist at Iowa State University, is currently using large



The product was tested in small, trash-bin-sized containers. Corn was planted in the containers and the researchers placed the inoculant in the containers.



The soil was then treated with different doses of synthetic fertilizers and the corn yield, N2O production, and the



Although the test results are not yet available, Hall said that for "microbial



The hypothesis that biomass reduces the need for fertilizers and thus reduces N2O emissions has been



Preliminary results support this.”



A researcher at Iowa State University at work. To measure the release of N2O, scientists use



A closed box is used to collect soil emissions from which samples are then taken



But some soil scientists and microbiologists are skeptical of this quick fix involving microbes.



Tulum Ma, a graduate student in environmental microbiology at the University of Guelph, Canada



Tolu Mafa-Attoye says "biofertilizers" like this one have had mixed success.



rate, which depends on the soil and environment in which it is applied.



For example, in a wheat field study, inoculation with beneficial microorganisms increased plant growth but produced



There are still many unknowns - as Marfa-Atoyeh's Guelph colleagues wrote in February



In Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems



For example, whether microorganisms will have a negative impact on soil ecology, or whether they will be replaced by indigenous microorganisms.



beat.



Caroline Orr, a microbiologist at Teesside University in the UK, said:



Orr, a professor of biotechnology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, says that rather than adding new microbes, it is better to encourage the growth of the desired microbes that are already in the soil.



It was found that reduced pesticide use led to more diverse microbial communities and more natural nitrogen fixation.



In addition, N2O production is influenced by carbon, oxygen and nitrogen – all of which are affected by fertilizer use, irrigation and tillage.

With the development of China's environmental protection activities, China's environmental monitoring technology has also made great progress. The production of environmental monitoring instruments has reached a certain scale. At the same time, with the diversification of flammable gas detectors, other gas detection devices have also appeared on the market.



For example, the four-in-one gas detector guarantees people's work and life to a certain extent.



Four-in-one gas detector uses a special circuit to measure the detector current. After the combustible gas enters the circuit chamber, half of the gas is ignited enough to contain the combustion catalyst.



When the gas burns, the heat and power circuit passing through the current test area change. This change will activate the warning device.




Infrared combustible gas detector works completely differently. The gas entering the test chamber will generate radiation. In fact, upon reaching the gas, half of the gas entering the receiver returns to the transmitter.







The detector measures the intensity of the two beams to determine whether there is combustible gas. If they are the same, everything is fine, but changes in the beam intensity on the air side can cause problems.



Risk of toxic gas leakage in many industrial processing plants, such as chemical products, oil/gas, electricity, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, pulp/paper and sewage treatment, usually including pipes, valves, tanks, burners, refrigerators, shunts, lighting systems , Aeration boxes and other equipment.



When the four-in-one gas detection instrument detects toxic gas, the gas detector should first pay attention to the inherent problem: adjust the concentration and other characteristics to a high concentration according to the chemical stability of the toxic gas.



The response time of the sample is usually very slow due to the inactive active traction force that depends on the airflow. The calibration of 4-gas detectors is usually very difficult, requiring the conversion of special parts and the expansion of operating modes, as well as flow calibration.



The meaning of flow diffusion implied by monitoring and calibration is not always a good record.



Then, if adjustment is required through the control panel, the calibration may become complicated, and the detection head of the remote diffusion gas detector may be affected by the gas. Some applications may generate interfering gases.



Sample extraction method can place the sensor upstream of the sensor by a chemical cleaning machine to absorb noise. After the surrounding pressure sensors are diffused, all gas sensors will measure the partial pressure, actively extract the sensor samples, and work at a slightly higher pressure.



Therefore, the output sensitivity of the sample stretcher is usually higher than the output sensitivity of the diffusion sensor. In gases with low toxicity, this may be an important regulatory level. But it has the characteristics of how much toxic gas is needed.

About high efficiency filter leak detection: For food and drug manufacturers, high efficiency filter leak detection refers to the on-site leak detection after the installation of high efficiency filter and its system, mainly to check the small pinholes and other damages in the filter material, such as frame seal, gasket seal and leaky seams on the filter frame. The purpose of leak detection is to check the sealing of the high efficiency filter and its connection parts with the installation frame, find the defects in the high efficiency filter itself and in the installation in time, and take corresponding remedial measures to ensure the cleanliness of the area. Whether there is leakage. The purpose of dust generation is that the dust concentration upstream of the high efficiency filter is low, so if a particle counter is used to detect the leak without dust generation, it is difficult to detect the leak, and additional dust generation is needed to obviously and easily detect the leak.











Standards






FED-STD-209E, Par. 50 Federal Standard (Cleanroom and Workstation Requirements)



AACC, CS- 1T American Association for Contamination Control (Standard for High Efficiency Filters)



AACC, CS-2T American Society for Contamination Control (Laminar Flow Clean Air Installation)



AACC, CS-6T American Society for Contamination Control (Clean Room Testing and Certification)



IES, RP-CC-001-3 Institute of Environmental Science (High Efficiency Filters)



IES, RP-CC-002-86 Association for Environmental Science (Recommended Approach for Laminar Flow Clean Air Installations)



IES, RP-CC-001-2 Environmental Science Society (Test Clean Room)



NSF, STD No.49- 1992 National Sanitation Foundation (Secondary Laminar Flow Biological Safety Cabinet)



ANSI, N101.1-1972 American National Standards Institute (Efficiency testing of air cleaning systems with filters)



ANSI/ASME, N5101.198 American National Standards Institute/American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Testing of Nuclear Air Cleaning Systems) NEBB National Environmental Balance Agency (Standard for Clean Room Certification Test Procedures)













Product Information 



1.Aerosol photometer PM-350














【Feature】



* The host adopts 5-inch color touch screen, easy to operate and faster data processing



* Intuitive display of leakage rate and pump sampling speed and other data



* Portable scanning probe, 3.5-inch color display, one-touch operation, synchronous display with the host interface, convenient for users to observe the test results



* Automatic switching upstream and downstream



* To ensure reliable and stable data, imported air pump and light source are used



 



【Parameter】







Data display range 





0.0001%-100.0% Multi-color LCD display







Dynamic range





0mg/m3～120mg/m3







Accuracy





1%（ 0.01% to 100%）







Flow control





1cfm（28.3L/min）±10%







Alarm 





When the preset limit value is exceeded, 2 modes of audible and visual alarm can be selected







Aerosol type





 PAO, DOP, DEHS and other multi-dispersion







Standards





NSF49、IEST、ISO14644、EN61010-1：2010、EN61326-1:2006







Power





AC 220V  50/60Hz







Dimension





258cm（L）x178cm（W）x360cm（H）







Weight





9.8kg














2. Aerosol generator HRF-4B (cold)



 



【Features】

* Laskin Nozzle dust production method



* Adjustable manually



* Large capacity loading dust production



【Parameter】








Airborne suspended particle output 





range 50 - 8,100 cubic feet per minute (1.4 - 229 m3min)







Suspended Particle Concentration 





100 µg/L at 810 cfm flow rate







Suspended Particle Concentration 





10 µg/L at 8100 cfm flow rate







Generation type





1 to 7 Laskin nozzles







Compressed air





3 to 18 cubic feet per minute at 20 psi flow







Particle generation





PAO、DOP、polydispersed







Type





 Multiple particle diameters (cold)







Dimensions





25cm（L）X 28cm（W）X23cm（H）












3. Aerosol generator HRF-5C (Hot)





 



【Feature】

HRF-5C is a more user-friendly enhanced aerosol generator, its oil circuit insurance supply system and thermal cut function in the current market belongs to the higher grade of the security system, suitable for certification, HEPA performance test and installation. Need to use inert gas, suitable for AC220v±10%50HZ power supply.



 



【Parameter】








Usable flow rate range 





1,500-65,000cfm(42-1,839.5m3/min)







Occurrence concentration





10ug/L：flow rate65,000cfm( at approx 1839.5m3/min)







100ug/L：flow rate 6,500cfm(at approx183.95m3/min)







Particle generation





PAO、DOP、polydispersed







Generation method 





Heating generation







Compressed gas (inert) 





Nitrogen,Argon,Carbon Dioxide或Helium (50psi))







Power supply





AC220～240VAC,50/60HZ







Dimension





280×390×300mm







Weight





14kg








When applying a pressure of 20psi (0.14Mpa) Note: DOP is not recommended



 



4.Aerosol generator performance comparison table









Model





HRF-4B





HRF-5C







Picture











 













 








Principle





Cold generation





Hot generation







Gas source 





Compressed air 





Inert gas







Gas source pressure 





0.4-0.8mpa





50psi







Dust





PAO





PAO







Power





No





AC220～240VAC,50/60HZ








Note: Heating occurs when oily particles are heated and evaporated and then blown into the system air inlet by inert gas, suitable for the end of the whole air conditioning system for high efficiency filter detection, the advantage is that the whole system only needs a place to produce dust , after the filter upstream concentration is stable, you can test the filters one by one, reducing the time of frequent change of dust production points and debugging dust concentration, also saves the PAO oil for debugging. The disadvantage is that there should be a long section of mixed cold generation ten times the diameter of the air duct, which is not suitable for local FFU units without air supply duct at the top, and not suitable for single biosafety cabinets and clean benches.



Cold generation is made of compressed air and pressurized PAO oil, which is sprayed by Laskin nozzles, and the working number of nozzles is used to adjust the size of dust concentration, which is suitable for local FFU units and clean benches of biosafety cabinets without air supply ducts. There is no thermal occurrence of the convenience, there are also air conditioning systems because of the inconvenience of segmentation detection, and can not use this type of dust generation small amount of dust generation instrument.

What Are Portable Particle Counters?Portable particle counters are handheld or portable devices designed to measure and count airborne particles in a given volume of air. They are essential for cleanroom operators, quality control engineers, and technicians who need to monitor and maintain air quality to ensure a sterile environment. These devices are portable, versatile, and can be used in a variety of settings, from laboratory workstations to manufacturing facilities.

Market OverviewThere are several brands in the market offering portable particle counters, but Zetron stands out due to its 20 years of combined experience in developing, manufacturing, and marketing a complete line of gas detection equipment. Zetron's expertise spans industrial, research, and commercial applications, ensuring that their particle counters are reliable, accurate, and designed to meet the highest standards.

Flow Rate BasicsExplanation of CFMCFM, or cubic feet per minute, is a measurement of air volume flow rate. In portable particle counters, CFM refers to the volume of air that passes through the particle counter's sampling head in one minute. The choice of flow rate is critical, as it directly affects the performance and accuracy of the device.

Role of Flow Rate in Particle CountingIn portable particle counters, the flow rate determines the speed at which air is drawn through the sampling head. Different flow rates are suitable for various applications and environments. For instance, a higher flow rate like 1.0 CFM captures more particles in a shorter time, while a lower flow rate like 0.1 CFM provides greater precision and sensitivity.

Importance in Cleanroom EnvironmentsIn cleanrooms, maintaining strict particle control is paramount. A particle counter's flow rate can impact its ability to detect and quantify particles accurately. Cleanroom professionals rely on accurate particle counters to ensure that airborne contaminants do not compromise product quality or worker safety.

1 CFM Portable Particle Counters: OverviewKey Features and BenefitsPrecision and Sensitivity0.1 CFM portable particle counters are designed to provide high precision and sensitivity. These devices are particularly useful in applications where detecting small particles is critical, such as semiconductor manufacturing and pharmaceutical production.

Technical SpecificationsDetection Range: Typically ranges from 0.1 to 10 microns or larger.Sampling Efficiency: High, often approaching 100%.Operation Time: Longer than 1.0 CFM devices due to slower sampling rates.Battery Life: Generally longer due to lower power consumption.Use CasesSemiconductor Manufacturing: Ensuring the cleanroom air is free of particles that could contaminate sensitive semiconductor wafers.Pharmaceutical Production: Detecting airborne particles that could compromise drug purity and efficacy.Laboratory Research: Monitoring air quality in sensitive research environments where precise particle counting is essential.Technical Specifications (Optional Table)MetricValueDetection Range0.1 to 10 micronsSampling Efficiency98-100%Operation Time6 hoursBattery Life12 hours0 CFM Portable Particle Counters: OverviewKey Features and BenefitsQuick Sampling and High Volume1.0 CFM portable particle counters offer faster sampling rates, allowing them to process a larger volume of air in a shorter time. This makes them ideal for applications where quick data collection is necessary.

Technical SpecificationsDetection Range: Typically ranges from 0.3 to 10 microns or larger.Sampling Efficiency: Slightly lower than 0.1 CFM but still high.Operation Time: Shorter than 0.1 CFM due to faster sampling rates.Battery Life: Generally shorter due to higher power consumption.Use CasesCleanroom Monitoring: Ensuring rapid assessment of air quality in large cleanrooms or areas with high foot traffic.Industrial Manufacturing: Detecting and quantifying particles in environments with higher contamination levels.Environmental Monitoring: Monitoring outdoor air quality for research or regulatory compliance.Technical Specifications (Optional Table)MetricValueDetection Range0.3 to 10 micronsSampling Efficiency95-98%Operation Time2 hoursBattery Life4 hoursComparative Analysis: 0.1 CFM vs 1.0 CFMTechnical DifferencesDetection Range: 0.1 CFM: Typically detects particles ranging from 0.1 to 10 microns.1.0 CFM: Typically detects particles ranging from 0.3 to 10 microns.Sampling Efficiency:0.1 CFM: High precision, often approaching 100% detection.1.0 CFM: Detection is still high, but slightly lower than 0.1 CFM.Accuracy and ReliabilityBoth flow rates provide high accuracy, but the choice between them depends on the specific application. For high-precision applications like semiconductor manufacturing, 0.1 CFM offers greater accuracy. Conversely, 1.0 CFM is ideal for environments where quick data collection is necessary.

Trade-offs and Benefits0.1 CFM:Benefits:High precision and sensitivity.Longer operation time.Suitable for environments requiring high accuracy.Drawbacks:
Slower sampling rates.Shorter operation time when compared to 1.0 CFM.1.0 CFM:

Benefits:Faster sampling rates.Quick data collection.Suitable for environments requiring rapid analysis.Drawbacks:Slightly lower precision.Shorter battery life.Case Studies or Real-World ExamplesWhile hypothetical examples can illustrate the differences, specific case studies could include:
- A semiconductor manufacturer using a 0.1 CFM particle counter to monitor air quality in their cleanroom. The high precision and sensitivity of the device ensure particles as small as 0.1 microns are detected.

ConclusionIn summary, the choice between 0.1 CFM and 1.0 CFM portable particle counters depends on specific application needs. 0.1 CFM offers high precision and sensitivity, making it ideal for environments requiring high accuracy, such as semiconductor manufacturing and pharmaceutical production. On the other hand, 1.0 CFM provides faster sampling rates and quick data collection, making it suitable for environments where rapid analysis is necessary, such as cleanroom monitoring and environmental studies.
Considering your specific cleanroom needs, if high precision and long operation time are critical, a 0.1 CFM portable particle counter is the better choice. Conversely, if quick data collection and rapid assessment are needed, a 1.0 CFM particle counter is more appropriate.
Zetron's portable particle counters, with their robust design and reliability, are a trusted choice for cleanroom professionals and engineers. By understanding the nuances of flow rates, you can select the best tool to meet your specific requirements and ensure optimal air quality in your cleanroom environment.

Our system is engineered to ensure complete data integrity and comprehensive audit trail capabilities, meeting the most stringent regulatory requirements for electronic records management.


Full 21 CFR Part 11 Compliance: Our system fully complies with US FDA 21 CFR Part 11 requirements for electronic records and electronic signatures. This ensures that all data entries, modifications, and approvals are both legally binding and regulatory compliant.
Comprehensive Audit Trail: Every system operation is automatically logged with user identification, timestamps, and action details. The secure audit trail captures creation, modification, and deletion events, providing complete visibility into data lifecycle activities.
Data Integrity Safeguards: Advanced security controls prevent unauthorized data alteration or deletion. All records are protected by electronic signatures, checksum verification, and secure user authentication protocols.
Regulatory Inspection Ready: Built-in reporting tools enable rapid generation of audit trails for regulatory inspections. Data remains accessible, legible, and retrievable throughout the required retention period.

This design ensures full traceability, protects data from unauthorized modification, and helps your facility maintain compliance, data integrity, and operational transparency at all times.