Common laboratory instruments are indispensable basic equipment in fields such as scientific research, teaching, and testing. These instruments come in a wide variety of types, covering aspects such as liquid handling, stirring and mixing, and separation. Liquid - handling instruments like pipettes use high - precision piston structures to accurately吸取 and discharge liquids. They are mostly made of chemical - resistant plastics and stainless steel to ensure stable operation in various solution treatments. Stirring and mixing instruments such as magnetic stirrers use magnetic fields to drive stirring bars to rotate for uniform stirring. Their outer shells are sturdy and operation is safe. Centrifuges generate centrifugal force through high - speed rotation to achieve material separation. Their rotors have high - strength materials to withstand high centrifugal forces. Their advantages include diverse functions to meet different experimental needs, high precision to ensure accurate experimental results, and simple operation to improve experimental efficiency. They are widely used in chemistry, biology, and medicine laboratories to assist in scientific research innovation and testing analysis.